amniotic fluid embolism vs pulmonary embolism

Overall, there is a predilection for the lower lobes. Classificationĭepends to some extent on whether it is acute or chronic. Patients are treated with anticoagulants while awaiting the outcome of diagnostic tests 4. In patients with a high probability clinical assessment, a D-dimer test is not helpful because a negative D-dimer result does not exclude pulmonary embolism in more than 15%. Raised D-dimer is seen with PE but has many other causes and is, therefore, non-specific: it indicates the need for further testing if pulmonary embolism is suspected 4 Normal D-dimer has almost 100% negative predictive value (virtually excludes PE): no further testing is required non-HIV matched controlsĭ-dimer (ELISA) is commonly used as a screening test in patients with a low and moderate probability clinical assessment, in these patients:

Malignancy: including multiple myeloma 23Ģ-10 x increased risk, cf. T-wave inversion in the right precordial leads +/- the inferior leads is seen in up to 34% of patients and is associated with high pulmonary artery pressures 25 Incomplete or complete right bundle branch block Sinus tachycardia: the most common abnormality Tenderness to palpation along the deep venous systemĬlinical decision rules, in conjunction with physician gestalt and estimated pretest probability of disease, may serve as a supplement in risk stratification: The physical exam may reveal suggestive features such as:Ĭlinical signs of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) The patient may report a history of recent immobilization or surgery, active malignancy, hormone usage, or a previous episode of thromboembolism. The presence or absence of hemodynamic compromise Classification of a pulmonary embolism may be based upon:

Amniotic fluid embolism vs pulmonary embolism